This post is all about understanding rug piles.
You will learn about different pile types, how pile density affects your rug’s look and feel, and why pile height matters.
This guide will break down the crucial aspects of rug pile to help beginner consumers make wise purchases.
Ready to dive in?
Let’s get started!
Introduction
Rug pile is an important factor to understand when shopping for a rug.
It refers to the density and height of the fibers that make up a rug’s surface.
The pile type, density, and height all impact a rug’s appearance, texture, durability, and ease of cleaning.
This guide will explain the key aspects of rug pile to help beginning buyers make informed decisions.
What is Pile Type?
Pile type refers to the way the fibers are attached and cut on a rug.
The two main categories are:
- Cut pile – The yarn loops are cut, leaving individual yarn ends that stand upright.
This gives the rug a plusher, denser feel.
Common cut pile styles include velvet/plush, Saxony, frieze, and shag. - Loop pile – The yarn loops are left intact and uncut.
This creates a nubby texture and allows for patterns to be woven in.
Berber is a common loop pile style.
Some rugs combine both cut and loop piles to create pattern and texture variations.
Cut Pile Rugs
Cut pile rugs have sheared yarn ends that stand upright, creating a dense, soft surface to walk on.
The most common styles are:
- Velvet/plush – Smooth, formal, and luxurious with a uniform surface.
- Saxony – Refined yet less formal, with a slight twist to the yarns.
- Frieze – Tightly twisted yarns create a nubby, informal texture that hides footprints.
- Shag – Extra long yarns create a shaggy, deep pile for a cozy feel.
Pros
- Soft and cozy underfoot.
- Hides dirt between vacuuming.
- Many style options.
Cons
- Shows footprints and vacuum marks.
- Prone to crushing in high traffic areas.
- Harder to clean, especially long piles.
Loop Pile Rugs
Loop pile rugs have uncut yarn loops that create a pebbly, nubby texture. Common styles include:
- Level loop – Loops are uniform height for an overall even surface.
- Multi-level loop – Loops of varying heights create pattern and texture.
- Sisal – Loops made of natural sisal fibers have a rustic, chunky weave.
Pros
- Durable and maintains appearance in high traffic.
- Hides footprints and vacuum marks.
- Easier to clean than cut pile.
Cons
- Less soft than cut pile.
- Loops can snag on pet claws or chair legs.
- Fewer style options.
Cut and Loop Pile Rugs
Some rugs use a combination of cut and loop piles to create patterns, textures, and visual interest.
The cut and loop sections contrast with each other.
Pros
- Unique textures and designs.
- Disguises marks and traffic patterns.
- Good for low to medium traffic rooms.
Cons
- May develop a worn look as cut fibers bend over loops.
- More expensive than all cut or all loop rugs.
- Loops still prone to snagging.
What is Pile Density?
- Pile density refers to how closely together the yarns are attached to the backing.
- It’s measured in ounces per cubic yard.
- The higher the density, the more durable and plush the rug will be.
High vs Low Pile Density
- High density rugs have a tight, plush feel and maintain their appearance better, especially in high traffic areas.
However, they are generally more expensive. - Low density rugs have a looser, flatter texture and won’t last as long under heavy traffic.
However, they are usually less expensive.
For high traffic areas, a high density, low pile rug is optimal.
For low traffic bedrooms and living rooms, a plush high density cut pile works well.
Measuring Pile Density
Pile density is hard to measure as a consumer.
Some indicators of higher density are:
- Rugs feels heavy for its size.
- Difficult to reach backing when parting yarns.
- No light shows through when held up to light.
- Pile feels dense and springs back when compressed.
Discuss density with the rug retailer to get specifics on a particular rug.
What is Pile Height?
- Pile height is the length of the fibers, measured from the backing to the top of the pile.
- Pile heights generally range from less than 1/4″ (low) to over 1/2″ (high).
High vs Low Pile Height
Low pile rugs (less than 1/4″) have a tight, dense texture that’s easier to clean and maintain.
- They’re good for high traffic areas and for placing under furniture.
- However, they have a less plush feel.
Medium pile rugs (1/4-1/2″) offer a compromise between softness and durability.
- They’re soft underfoot but still easy to maintain.
- They work well in most rooms.
High (or deep) pile rugs (over 1/2″) have a luxurious, cushiony feel but are harder to keep clean.
- The long fibers can mash down and show footprints.
- High pile works best in low traffic areas like bedrooms.
Choosing the Right Pile Type, Density and Height
Consider the following factors when selecting a rug pile:
Foot traffic
- High traffic areas do best with short, dense loop piles.
- Low traffic allows for plusher cut piles.
Comfort preference
- For a soft, cozy feel, opt for cut piles and higher pile heights.
- For a firmer, crisper feel, choose loop piles and low heights.
Cleaning needs
- Flat weaves and low piles are easier to vacuum.
- High piles and shags require gentler vacuuming.
- Loops can snag during cleaning.
Style preference
- Cut piles look more formal and plush.
- Loop piles lend a casual, rustic, or natural look.
- Patterns and textures are possible with both.
Budget
- In general, higher density and pile height cost more.
- Intricate cut and loop patterns also raise the price over simple loop or cut piles.
Conclusion
Pile is a key factor in a rug’s appearance, performance, and feel.
By understanding the different aspects of pile type, density, and height, buyers can select the best rug for their space, needs, and style preferences.
Consider traffic level, comfort, cleaning, and budget when evaluating rug piles.
With this knowledge, you’ll be able to find the ideal rug for your home.
